Digital Product Passport for Traceability and Compliance
digital-product-passport-for-traceability-and-compliance
TO175360
This technology provides a secure and privacy-preserving digital infrastructure for traceability, regulatory compliance, and sustainability verification across global supply chains. It was developed in response to tightening international regulations, such as those in the European Union, which require companies to disclose detailed product and material data through digital passports.The solution addresses key challenges in supply chain management, including fragmented data systems, unverifiable sustainability claims, and inefficient audit processes. It enables companies to log, verify, and share trusted data across all tiers of the supply chain.Applicable to industries such as electronics, batteries, construction materials, and textiles, this technology supports compliance with environmental, social, and governance (ESG) requirements. It transforms compliance into a competitive advantage, enhancing transparency, reducing risk, and enabling access to sustainability-linked market benefits such as green premiums.The need for such a solution is underscored by growing global regulatory pressure and operational gaps: studies show that over 70% of companies lack visibility beyond Tier 1 suppliers, and the incidence of greenwashing-related penalties has risen sharply in recent years.The technology owner is seeking R&D collaborations, test-bedding partners, and licensing opportunities to co-develop new use cases and expand industry applications.
Infocomm
Privacy-Preserving Indoor Human Monitoring with AI-Enabled Radar
privacy-preserving-indoor-human-monitoring-with-ai-enabled-radar
TO151690
Privacy-Preserving Indoor Human Monitoring with AI-Enabled Radar offers a cutting-edge solution that combines millimetre-wave radar with AI for real-time monitoring of human activity without compromising privacy. The technology excels in detecting falls and monitoring vital movements in environments where cameras are unsuitable, such as healthcare and eldercare. Its ability to function in low-visibility conditions and without user compliance makes it a revolutionary asset for privacy-sensitive settings.
Electronics, Healthcare
Barista-Optimised Plant-Based Milk: Enhanced Foam & Thermal Stability from Resilient Grains
new-tech-offer-ai-generating-1
TO153893
This innovative plant-based barista milk technology utilises climate-resilient grains to enhance foam stability and thermal performance, addressing the limitations of conventional dairy alternatives. Engineered for espresso-based beverages, it offers improved microfoam formation and suspension integrity, making it ideal for cafés and foodservice operations seeking sustainable and functional dairy alternatives.
Foods
Real-Time Emotion and Behaviour Analytics Platform
real-time-emotion-and-behaviour-analytics-platform
TO807134
Real-Time Emotion and Behaviour Analytics Platform leverages advanced computer vision to provide real-time insights into human emotions and behaviour through video analysis. This edge-processing technology, compliant with GDPR and PDPA, enhances applications in healthcare for stroke risk and mental health monitoring, and enterprise for customer sentiment analysis, offering superior accuracy and privacy over cloud-based competitors. Ideal for organisations seeking scalable, privacy-preserving analytical solutions.
Healthcare
Cricket-Based Asian-Style Crackers
cricket-based-asian-style-crackers
TO175321
The world faces a mounting challenge in feeding a growing population projected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050 (United Nations). This increase drives demand for high-quality protein, but traditional sources like livestock, poultry, and fish are resource-intensive (e.g., water, land, feed), environmentally harmful (GHG emissions, deforestation) and increasingly unsustainable. With high efficiency, low emissions, and strong nutritional value, insect protein offers a sustainable alternative to conventional meat sources—especially relevant in urbanized, climate-conscious societies seeking innovation in food systems like Singapore.Crickets possess subtle flavours reminiscent of crustaceans, making them an excellent addition to our fried crackers. This familiar taste profile is particularly advantageous in Southeast Asia, where prawn crackers (Keropok) are a beloved snack. By leveraging this familiarity, this technology hopes to achieve greater consumer acceptance and rapid market adoption.These versatile crackers can be savoured as a delightful snack or paired with traditional dishes such as Nasi Lemak. Whether enjoyed as a standalone treat or as an accompaniment to a meal, these cricket-infused fried crackers offer a unique and flavourful experience that bridges the gap between innovative food trends and cultural culinary traditions.
Foods, Sustainability
Next-Gen Optical Films for Passive Radiative Cooling
next-gen-energy-free-cooling-passive-radiative-cooling-films
TO937671
As global temperatures continue to rise, the demand for cooling across buildings, infrastructure, and transportation is increasing significantly, driving higher energy consumption and carbon emissions. In response, governments and industries are accelerating the adoption of energy-efficient and low-carbon solutions.To address these challenges, this technology introduces an advanced passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) solution in the form of high-performance optical films. Through spectral engineering, the material reflects the majority of incoming solar radiation while simultaneously emitting heat through the 8–13 μm atmospheric window into outer space, enabling net-zero energy cooling with sub-ambient performance. Unlike conventional cooling methods, this solution delivers rapid, energy-free surface cooling, achieving temperature reductions of up to 20–40°C under direct sunlight, with cooling power of approximately 100–150 W/m². Current product offerings include transparent films for window applications and non-transparent reflective films for rooftops and other surfaces. With a proven track record in Greater China and Hong Kong, the technology owner is seeking partners in Singapore for co-development and pilot deployment in hot and humid tropical environments. Ideal partners include building developers, construction companies, property owners, façade and roofing specialists, as well as warehouse operators. Companies in energy storage, cold-chain logistics, and energy infrastructure (e.g., solar PV operators) are also welcomed for performance validation and potential scale-up.
Chemicals & Materials
Advanced Bamboo-based Composite Technology
advanced-bamboo-based-composite-technology
TO175406
Timber has long been a primary construction material for its versatile properties, such as strength and durability. However, it grows slowly and cannot match the performance of concrete or steel. Bamboo, with its high strength-to-weight ratio and rapid renewability, offers a sustainable alternative for structural applications in the construction industry.This Bamboo Veneer Lumber (BVL) is a next-generation high-performance bio-composite developed through a patented process in Switzerland and Singapore. BVL combines natural bamboo fibres with a specially formulated bio-based binder under high heat and pressure, ensuring superior strength and stability. With strong green credentials—including bamboo’s rapid renewability, up to 40% lower carbon footprint compared to conventional materials, and FSC-certified sourcing—BVL represents a cutting-edge, eco-conscious option for both structural and design-driven applications. Furthermore, BVL complies with the 4 SEED characteristics: Strength, Environmental Friendliness, Economic Feasibility, and Durability—a combination crucial to the future of the built environment. These bio-based composites also align with the global shift toward low-carbon manufacturing and renewable resource utilisation.The technology owner is seeking collaboration with manufacturing and fabrication partners, as well as companies in construction, interior design, and furniture, that are looking for more sustainable and higher-performance alternatives to wood.
Materials, Sustainability
AI-Native Orchestration Platform for Building Operations Management
ai-native-orchestration-platform-for-building-operations-management
TO175503
Operational energy use in buildings is a major emissions driver, accounting for about 27.3% of energy-related global emissions in 2022. With the Singapore Green Plan 2030 and Mandatory Energy Improvement (MEI) regime to target 80% of new buildings to be Super Low Energy buildings from 2030 and enhance energy performance of existing buildings respectively, various assets (residential, commercial and mixed-use) are actively integrating and retrofitting solutions to support a low-carbon built environment.The technology owner has developed a comprehensive solution comprising both hardware IoT devices and an AI-native software platform aimed to reduce energy consumption and energy use intensity (EUI) for both new and existing building infrastructure. This end-to-end technology solution provides monitoring, down to the last-mile energy consumption portfolio, from respective plug-loads to rooms and floors, to enable quantifiable reductions. With the proprietary AI model, the solution aims to provide self-management capabilities for daily operations while having self-learning capabilities to cater to respective infrastructures. This results in an increased operational efficiency and measurable cost savings, in addition to aligning with ESG-related guidelines.The technology owner has successfully conducted deployments on existing building infrastructures, with one pilot exhibiting up to 30% energy savings during the period. The owner is seeking industrial collaboration partners, such as data centers, hospitals and manufacturers, looking to gain visibility of their energy consumption and actively reduce EUI within infrastructures.
Green and Multifunctional Graphene-based Antibacterial Composite for Textiles
green-and-multifunctional-graphene-based-antibacterial-composite-for-textiles
TO175265
Graphene-based antibacterial composite materials are a class of materials that combine graphene's unique properties with antibacterial agents to create surfaces or textiles that can effectively kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. With its inherent antibacterial properties, graphene’s large surface area and high conductivity makes it an ideal carrier for functional molecules that exhibit antibacterial properties naturally. The technology on offer is a proprietary process to prepare and application of a green and multifunctional graphene-based antibacterial composite material for textiles.These materials can be applied to various textile materials and products, possessing antibacterial, antiviral, and deodorizing properties. Featuring high efficiency (99%), broad-spectrum coverage, non-toxicity, functionalised textiles can be used in healthcare and consumer products for long-lasting and multifunctional antibacterial properties. It is non-leaching and more eco-friendly compared to traditional chemical antibacterial products. This technology can endow textile products with antibacterial, antiviral, and deodorizing properties, enhancing the added value of traditional textile materials for safe and non-toxic antibacterial performance.The technology owner is interested in joint R&D projects with companies looking to incorporate this graphene-based antibacterial composite and develop new eco-friendly and multifunctional antibacterial textile products.
Materials, Chemicals, Sustainability
AI-Powered Circular Economy Platform for Smart Recycling
ai-powered-circular-economy-platform-for-smart-recycling
TO175432
Due to mixed collection and inadequate sorting, many recyclables cannot be effectively recovered and end up being landfilled or incinerated. While reverse vending machines address some of these issues, these solutions are often costly, provide limited brand-level data insights, and deliver a suboptimal consumer experience. This technology aims to significantly improve recycling rates by overcoming these limitations.The technology on offer is an AI- and IT-enabled circular economy platform that integrates smart collection bots, digital product passports, and cloud-based traceability to achieve precise material separation and full resource transparency. Cost-effective and fully customizable, this technology enables the efficient management of diverse recyclable streams while ensuring a stable supply of high-quality recycled raw materials. This scalable platform is well-suited for local governments, retailers, and corporations seeking to strengthen recycling infrastructure and advance environmental goals.The technology owner is seeking co-development and test-bedding opportunities in Singapore to pilot its smart recycling and traceability platform, supporting the transition towards a circular economy.
Infocomm, Waste Management & Recycling, Sustainability
Smart Infrastructure Management for Sustainable, Energy-Efficient Operations
integrated-smart-infrastructure-management-platform
TO175462
Traditional facility operations often face challenges such as data silos, delayed response, inefficient equipment usage, high energy consumption, and elevated maintenance costs, resulting in high operational costs and increased environmental impact. This AI-powered smart infrastructure platform addresses these challenges by transforming how buildings monitor, manage, and optimise energy use. Leveraging the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, and artificial intelligence, the platform continuously captures multi-dimensional, real-time data across electricity, water, spatial usage, occupancy, and environmental conditions. Advanced AI models then analyse energy consumption patterns, forecast demand, and detect potential equipment faults before they occur. By enabling cross-system coordination and automated control (e.g., HVAC, lighting and security systems), this solution offers a unified digital ecosystem that optimises energy usage dynamically holistically and improving overall operational efficiency. This enables building owners and facility management companies to transition towards more sustainable, data-driven operations while enhancing asset performance and long-term cost savings.Designed for scalability and real-world deployment, this solution enables adopters to reduce operational costs while advancing their sustainability goals. The technology owner is currently seeking test-bedding opportunities with organisations in Singapore managing large-scale infrastructure such as hospitals, hotels, industrial parks, and commercial complexes.
Infocomm, Energy, Green Building, Environment & Clean Tech
Advanced RRAM-Based Neuromorphic AI Chip
advanced-rram-based-neuromorphic-ai-chip
TO175259
The rise of AI adoption in a more digitalized world comes with the increasing hunger for computing power with higher performance while having lower latency. With conventional computing components not being specialized for these tasks, hardware, architecture and chips are developed and optimized to process specialized AI algorithm operations, bringing cloud computing closer to the edge. Resistive random-access memory (RRAM) is considered as the next generation of memory technology for neuromorphic computing applications due to its non-volatile, high-performance computing and ability to provide both computing and storage capabilities within a single chip. However, current RRAM technology is still heavily researched and faces challenges such as scalability limitations, high latency, and complex design largely due to its analog nature.The technology owner has developed a technology solution in the form of a neuromorphic chip. By incorporating its patent-pending optimized architecture design and proprietary peripherals, the technology solution enhances RRAM’s capabilities while eliminating its challenges. With its integration with RRAM, it is able to engage in in-memory computing within a unified architecture, lowering latency while enhancing energy efficiency (up to 30 TOPS/W). The architecture enables seamless integration with field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), simplifying the design process with re-programmability in mind. With its modular dual-core arrays (up to 128x128) design, it enables RRAM to be easily scaled for complex AI algorithm and large-scale data processing within devices. With these capabilities, it accelerates the adoption of neuromorphic chips for the use of edge-AI applications.The technology owner is seeking collaborative partners focusing on AI hardware and software development to further accelerate the widespread use of AI applications and industrial partners keen on exploring further integration of edge-AI capabilities into their product to unlock more sophisticated and reliable solutions.
Electronics, Infocomm
Customizable AI Video Analytics for Real Time Safety, Automation and Operational Insight
customizable-ai-video-analytics-for-real-time-safety-automation-and-operational-insight
TO618857
This innovative AI video analytics technology transforms existing camera networks into real-time intelligence hubs, enhancing safety, efficiency, and decision-making. With customisable AI models, it excels across industries such as safety, automotive, and manufacturing, offering insights like fall detection and pedestrian recognition. Its versatile deployment on cloud, edge, or hybrid systems ensures seamless integration, making it an ideal solution for organisations with specific data and latency needs. Ideal collaboration partners Include SMEs that already use cameras, system integrators or Video Management System (VMS) providers, and smart building or logistics companies looking for ready-to-use analytics. Automotive companies, edge hardware firms, and appliance makers can integrate the technology into their products. Universities and research institutes can support R&D and validation. The sports and retail sectors can drive specific use cases and commercialization.
Feedback Driven Manufacturing & Factory Visibilities
feedback-driven-manufacturing-factory-visibilities
TO175409
Feedback Driven Manufacturing (FDM) is a methodology that integrates real-time data collection, analysis, and automated feedback loops directly into the manufacturing process. Traditional factories often struggle with fragmented data, delayed quality checks, and reliance on human intervention, leading to inefficiencies, scrap, and rework. This technology addresses these pain points by continuously monitoring work-in-progress through sensors, RFID, and machine connectivity, and feeding insights back into operations at the point of production. This innovation is particularly valuable for aerospace, oil & gas, medical devices, and other precision-driven sectors that require stringent tolerances and rapid response to deviations. Adopters of this technology are manufacturers seeking to transition toward Industry 4.0 and digital transformation without the cost and complexity of traditional MES/ERP systems. By embedding intelligence and visibility into the factory floor, FDM bridges the gap between raw data and actionable decision-making, creating a scalable, sustainable foundation for smart manufacturing.
Manufacturing, Infocomm, Logistics
Automated GMP Compliance & Smart Data Analytics Platform
ai-powered-gmp-documentation-compliance-platform-smart-data-analytics
TO175504
The AI-Powered GMP Documentation Compliance Platform offers automated, precise quality checks for batch records, significantly reducing review time from days to minutes. By addressing compliance risks in pharmaceutical and biotech manufacturing, it enhances regulatory adherence and operational efficiency, presenting a compelling solution for GMP-regulated industries.
Envisioning a Safer and a More Productive World with Video Analytics
envisioning-a-safer-and-a-more-productive-world-with-video-analytics
TO174354
Monitoring safety and productivity on industrial sites is traditionally manual, error-prone, and resource-intensive. Supervisors often struggle to monitor multiple CCTV feeds, leading to missed incidents and project delays.This technology leverages AI-powered video analytics to automate the detection of safety violations—such as missing PPE, high-risk behavior, and productivity lapses—without the need for constant human oversight. In Singapore alone, over 3,000 construction-related injuries and 17 fatalities were reported in 2023, underscoring the need for smarter solutions. Beyond real-time alerts, the system delivers actionable insights to support long-term safety improvements and operational efficiency.The technology owner is seeking system integrators and software companies for R&D collaboration and test-bedding.
Infocomm
Accelerating Design-to-Layout Photonics-integrated Ion-Trap for Quantum Computing
accelerating-design-to-layout-photonics-integrated-ion-trap-for-quantum-computing
TO175397
With the increasing demand for higher computational power, quantum computing has received growing attention due to its ability to perform parallel processing. Among the different approaches, ion trap quantum computing stands out as a promising option. Unlike other methods, such as superconducting qubits, ion trap systems can operate at room temperature and are compatible with standard semiconductor manufacturing processes. However, there is currently no standardized process design kit (PDK) available for developing photonic circuits in ion trap systems, resulting in the in-depth technical expertise needed to handle the complex design and optimisation process of photonic devices.The technology owner has leveraged on their patent pending photonic design process to develop an AI-assisted platform to assist and accelerate the design-to-layout process of photonics-integrated ion trap systems. By specifying the desired parameters, such as trapped ion species, photonic components and ion trap, users can automatically validate via simulation and generate a Graphic Data System (GDS) layout that is ready-to-fabricate while meeting the photonic design requirements. This results in an increased productivity by reducing guesswork and resources, reducing verification turnaround time and lowering the technical barrier required within the design process.The technology owner has successfully conducted a pilot test with a Singapore-based company in developing a photonic chip utilising their platform. Currently, the owner is actively seeking industrial collaborators interested in exploring photonic applications in quantum computing device design and manufacturing.
Electronics, Infocomm
AI-Enabled Food Waste Contamination Audit System
ai-enabled-food-waste-contamination-audit-system
TO175362
Food waste streams are frequently contaminated by packaging, utensils, and other non-food items, undermining efficient downstream treatment and resource recovery. Contamination drives multiple pain points for food operators, premise owners and municipalities such as rejected loads and surcharges, lower conversion yields at valorisation facilities, equipment fouling and downtime, higher manual-sorting labour, and unnecessary transport emissions when contaminated loads are hauled before being discarded. This technology aims to address the issues with food contamination by delivering continuous, at-source contamination auditing and monitoring.The technology on offer is a smart food‑waste monitoring and profiling platform designed to bridge the gap between regulatory requirements and on‑site practices. By integrating AI‑enabled image analysis, weight measurement and a waste taxonomy, the system delivers real‑time contamination detection and detailed waste profiling. Together, these elements form a scalable, cost‑efficient solution that empowers food operators and premise owners to improve segregation quality, comply with evolving regulations and enhance the feedstock quality for downstream resource recovery. The technology owner would like to collaborate with operators of multi-user food environments—such as hawker centres, food courts, and shopping malls—where at-source contamination is a primary challenge, to pilot the system, improve segregation, reduce contamination, and demonstrate measurable progress toward sustainability goals.
Infocomm, Waste Management & Recycling, Sustainability
Nano Iron Supplement for Plants
nano-iron-supplement-for-plants
TO175469
This technology offer presents a nano-formulated iron supplement designed to enhance nutrient uptake and improve plant growth efficiency. Using nano-sized iron particles, the formulation increases iron solubility and bioavailability, ensuring faster absorption through plant roots and foliage. Iron is essential for chlorophyll production, photosynthesis, and metabolic enzyme activities. In many soils, especially alkaline or calcareous soils, iron becomes unavailable, leading to yellowing leaves and reduced growth.The formulation overcomes this challenge by delivering iron in a stable, highly absorbable form that maintains plant greenness, increases leaf development, and enhances overall plant vigor. Field trials on Brazilian spinach demonstrated up to 82% increase in plant height, broader leaf formation, and healthier coloration compared to untreated controls.The technology owner is open to further co-development and field validation through multi-site trials, data sharing, and performance benchmarking across various soil types and crops.
AgriTech, Chemicals, Life Sciences, Foods
AI-Enhanced Prosthodontics Dental Workflow: Full Stack Digital Dentistry
justscan-revolutionising-dental-clinics-with-ai-3d-printing-for-rapid-treatment
TO931010
This technology is revolutionizing dental clinics with its AI-enhanced, digital workflow platform that integrates intraoral scanning and 3D printing for rapid, same-day restorations. The system supports minimally invasive treatments such as ultra-thin veneers and clear aligners while reducing treatment time and clinic visits. As clinics adopt this cutting-edge technology, it empowers general dentists to offer aesthetic and orthodontic treatments. This state-of-the-art technology is poised to elevate dental care standards globally.
Healthcare
AI-Powered, Non-Destructive Diagnostic Solution for Plastic Deterioration
ai-powered-non-destructive-diagnostic-solution-for-plastic-deterioration
TO175376
Global plastic production now exceeds 350 million tonnes per year, yet less than 15% is recycled. At the same time, regulators and end-users across automotive, electronics, packaging and infrastructure sectors are demanding higher-quality recycled materials and longer service time for plastic-based products. Traditional evaluation methods—relying on elapsed time or destructive testing—cannot accurately capture the complex, use-dependent degradation patterns of plastic materials caused by varying usage environments and environmental stresses.To bridge this gap, the technology owner has developed a novel non-destructive diagnostic platform that combines wide-band optical spectroscopy with a proprietary AI deterioration-diagnosis engine, which is trained on accelerated-aging protocols and real-world usage histories. In just minutes, and without damaging samples or interrupting production, the system delivers high-precision assessment of plastic degradation levels, remaining-life prediction, and key material property characterization. This rapid, on-site solution provides critical insights for recycling, refurbishment and preventive maintenance—driving down costs through extended, reliable plastic use and contributes meaningfully to sustainability goals and circular economy initiatives.The technology owner is seeking industrial & business partners in plastic recycling, consumer electronics refurbishment, recycled-plastic manufacturing, and infrastructure maintenance to pilot and co-develop real-world applications.
Materials, Infocomm, Chemicals, Waste Management & Recycling, Sustainability
Automated Liquid Handling Robot Solutions For Lab Automation
automated-liquid-handling-robot-solutions-for-lab-automation
TO175131
This technology offers a suite of innovative automated liquid handling systems, hardware and software for process automation designed to enhance precision, efficiency, and scalability in biological research.The company's technology addresses these issues with a range of flagship products that provide cutting-edge automation for tasks such as genomic and proteomic analysis, drug discovery, and clinical diagnostics. The systems feature modular assembly, allowing for easy customization and scalability to meet the evolving needs of life science laboratories. This flexibility ensures that the solutions can adapt to various experimental setups and requirements.The company is actively seeking software and OEM partnerships to further enhance its product offerings and expand its market reach. By collaborating with key partners, it aims to continue driving innovation and providing top-tier solutions to the life sciences industry.
Healthcare, Manufacturing, Life Sciences
Multifunctional Multilayer Coating for Building and Photovoltaic (PV) Application
multifunctional-multilayer-coating-for-building-and-photovoltaic-pv-application
TO175402
Buildings and photovoltaic (PV) systems face two major challenges: excessive heat gain and frequent surface soiling. In tropical climates, solar heat through glass façades can account for up to 40% of total cooling demand, while dust accumulation on PV panels can lower efficiency by 5–30% within months. These issues increase energy use, maintenance frequency, and operational costs.This technology introduces a multifunctional multilayer coating that integrates self-cleaning, infrared (IR) heat rejection, and high optical transparency in a single, durable formulation. Unlike conventional coatings that require multiple layers for different functions, this innovation achieves comparable or superior performance in an integrated multilayer design—simplifying application and lowering cost. The photocatalytic self-cleaning surface decomposes organic contaminants and enables natural washing by rain, reducing cleaning needs. Simultaneously, the IR-reflective layer rejects near-infrared heat while maintaining over ~80% visible light transmittance, cutting cooling energy use by ~10–15% without compromising daylight. Compact, scalable, and retrofit-friendly, this coating offers a cost-effective solution for building operators and solar installers aiming to enhance energy efficiency, reduce maintenance, and improve sustainability performance.The technology owner is seeking industry partners in solar panel manufacturing, green building projects, and glass applications for licensing
Chemicals, Energy, Environment & Clean Tech
Formulation and Optimisation of Fish (O. niloticus) Feed from Food Waste Protein Source
formulation-and-optimisation-of-fish-o-niloticus-feed-from-food-waste-protein-source-2
TO175378
The aquaculture industry is facing rising costs of conventional feed. Premium protein sources such as fishmeal and fish oil are highly price-volatile due to fluctuating supply and demand, and reliance on imported feed further increases costs. Another key challenge is the growing volume of food waste. A survey of local food processing companies conducted between August 2022 and June 2023 identified approximately 174,300 tonnes of homogeneous food waste, highlighting the scale of the problem. This technology offers a sustainable aquafeed solution by converting by-products from soy sauce production, fish processing, and bread waste into nutritionally balanced feed for tilapia (O. niloticus), maintaining optimal growth performance while reducing dependency on conventional, expensive feed ingredients.
Waste Management & Recycling, Sustainability